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IEA Pocket Charts
Panel 15
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Panel 15
Real Output, Income, Retail Sales
This is one of 20 regular and a dozen periodic chart panels taken as a sample from the final issue -- December 1979 -- of the initial series of IEA Pocket Charts. The compact and analytically advanced economic charts feature the following analytical features:
- "Flat horizontal" presentation, as growth rates or ratios to GDP -- to facilitate comparisons of different time periods and series
- Fluctuations shaded to "normal" lines -- made possible by such presentation
- Smoothing -- quarterly centered moving averages to eliminate "zig-zag noise"
- Economic conditions displayed for context as vertical bands or lines (see Economic Fluctuations Viewed in Growth Perspective for definitions of these terms), clearly illustrated in chart Panel 1:
- recessions by light shading
- periods of stagnation by stippling
- absolute "contractions" (as defined by NBER, the National Bureau of Economic Research) by dashed lines
A full guide to the presentation and analytical features of the charts -- an understanding of which is necessary for making full analytical use of the charts -- is available at How to Read IEA Charts.
Printing is best done in landscape mode. For portrait mode, use a 75% size factor.
Posted: December 22, 1998
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